WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS
A systematic review synthesized 83 studies—72 research articles and 11 reviews—on population-level applications of environmental DNA, with emphasis on nuclear DNA. It identifies low copy number, allelic dropout and the inability to assign individual genotypes as major barriers, while highlighting allele-frequency and Pool-seq-style approaches as potential routes toward estimating population parameters such as effective population size.
WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ
If these methods mature, eDNA could move from answering ‘is the species here?’ toward ‘what is happening to its genetic diversity?’ That would matter most for elusive or protected populations where tissue sampling is expensive, invasive or sparse.
CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY
The review is narrative rather than a meta-analysis because methods are highly heterogeneous; it excluded gray literature, did not apply a formal risk-of-bias assessment, and many proposed population-genetic applications remain methodological rather than operationally validated.
SOURCE
Environmental DNA — systematic review
View original evidence ↗