WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS
Researchers used questionnaires, interviews and ground-truthing to examine 61 non-formal environmental-education projects across Madagascar. They organized practice around four biocultural themes—place-based learning, local realities, biocultural relations and inclusive conservation—and found diverse efforts to connect cultural and biological diversity, alongside continuing difficulties where cultural and conservation objectives diverged.
WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ
Conservation education is itself an intervention in a social-ecological system. Programs designed around local language, knowledge, institutions and participation may be better positioned to build durable relationships than generic information transfer detached from place.
CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY
The sample was purposive and relies substantially on practitioner self-report; the authors explicitly did not aim for nationally generalizable causal estimates. The study evaluates program approaches and perceptions, not measured biodiversity outcomes caused by education.
SOURCE
Conservation Science and Practice · Original evidence
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