WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS
The review synthesizes ecological effects of artificial light at night from genes through ecosystems and argues that evidence has advanced faster than regulation. It proposes a mitigation hierarchy led by elimination of unnecessary lighting, followed by spatial and temporal controls and then spectral tuning, while identifying major gaps in standardization, long-term effects and multi-stressor interactions.
WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ
Lighting is infrastructure, and its ecological footprint can be altered through design and operations rather than treated as an unavoidable urban condition. The hierarchy is useful because it favors reducing exposure before optimizing lamp characteristics.
CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY
This is a review and management framework, not a single comparative trial proving the same hierarchy for every taxon or site. Long-term, network-level and cross-stressor evidence remains limited.
SOURCE
Nature Reviews Biodiversity — review
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