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Wildlife-trade image recognition can triage, not convict

A prototype detector performed strongly on images of elephant, pangolin and tiger products, but enforcement effectiveness was not tested.

Evidence
Peer-reviewed
Geography
39,941 online, seizure and market images; three species
System
Wildlife trade monitoring and machine-learning classification

WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS

The best multispecies image detector achieved 84.2% accuracy in development tests; its smartphone prototype achieved 91.3% on an independent image test. Recognition was weaker for elephant-derived products than pangolin or tiger.

WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ

Image triage could focus human review, but real deployment requires precision, false-positive audits and legal safeguards.

CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY

Image-benchmark accuracy is not evidence of successful detection in unfiltered marketplaces or reductions in trafficking.

SOURCE

Conservation Biology — Kulkarni et al. (26 Oct 2026)
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