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Ecological Intelligence

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Ecological Intelligence / Subject

migratory birds

Wind-farm bird surveys often missed the season when migrants were present

Evidence
Peer-reviewed
Geography
70 wind-farm impact assessments, eastern Australia
System
Renewable-energy infrastructure; migratory birds; biodiversity impact assessment

WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS

Researchers reviewed surveys for four migratory species at 70 wind-farm developments and compared field timing with eBird-based weekly relative-abundance patterns. About half of assessed surveys were outside the modeled optimum; around one-fifth missed the modeled potential presence window altogether. Less well-timed surveys were associated with lower stated likelihood-of-occurrence judgments.

WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ

Environmental impact assessment is only as representative as the period spent observing. A technically correct field protocol conducted at the wrong seasonal window can falsely reassure a project team, so baseline survey design should incorporate migration phenology before fieldwork begins.

CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY

Weekly abundance predictions and archival assessment records are imperfect. The analysis addresses survey timing and estimated occurrence, not a quantified collision-mortality effect attributable to these 70 wind farms.

SOURCE

Shi et al. · Journal of Applied Ecology · migratory bird survey timing
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Comparing 70 eastern Australian projects against weekly occurrence patterns exposes a preventable monitoring blind spot.

Read the Wild Lands assessment →

Global flyways — Migratory bird risk is a network problem, not a site problem

Evidence
Institutional / NGO report
Geography
Global flyways
System
Migratory flyways

WHAT THE EVIDENCE SAYS

BirdLife International’s 2026 State of the World’s Birds synthesizes conservation-status data and scientific literature around migratory species and their flyways. The report emphasizes that migratory birds depend on linked breeding, non-breeding and stopover areas and face multiple threats distributed along those routes.

WHY IT MATTERS / OUR READ

For migratory wildlife, a protected site is only as useful as the network that connects it to the rest of the annual cycle. Flyway-scale assessment is a stronger decision frame than evaluating reserves or jurisdictions in isolation.

CAVEATS / UNCERTAINTY

This is a global NGO assessment synthesizing many underlying data sources and taxa. Threat intensity, evidence quality and conservation capacity vary substantially among flyways and species.

SOURCE

BirdLife International · State of the World’s Birds 2026
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BirdLife’s 2026 flagship assessment focuses on migratory species and the connected flyways that expose them to threats across breeding, non-breeding and stopover areas.

Read the Wild Lands assessment →

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